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Thursday, October 11, 2012
Vatican/Jesuit control of the world economy - part one [der Spiegel-L'Espresso 1958]
Thursday, October 11, 2012
Vatican/Jesuit control of the world economy – end of the summary [der Spiegel-L'Espresso 1958]
Original:
Der Großaktionär (der Spiegel online)
I also translated that article in Italian, on request of the author of NWO-Truthresearch blog, where you can read it:
venerdì 8 marzo 2013
Der Spiegel: Vaticano, il principale azionista
https://nwo-truthresearch.blogspot.com/2013/03/der-spiegel-vaticano-il-principale.html
Soon to be published on my Italian blog:
* * *
The Major Shareholder
The "Osservatore Romano," which records all of the Holy Father's visitors in its daily court chronicle, recently failed to mention a prominent guest: the Italian Baron Bernadino Nogara, to whom Pope Pius XII had granted a special audience. Despite being a layperson, Nogara has been one of the Vatican's key figures for decades. As a "delegate of the Special Administration of the Holy See," he essentially fulfills the functions of a finance minister of the Catholic Church.
Baron Nogara, who is already 86 years old and also suffers from arteriosclerosis, had an understandable reason for his visit:
He asked the Holy Father to relieve him of his duties for reasons of age. He proposed the sixty-year-old Baron Massimo Spada as his successor. Like Nogara, he has been a member of the Vatican's financial brain trust for years and is officially the treasurer of Catholic Action Italy.
Pius XII Pope Benedict XVI allowed the elderly Nogara to delegate some of his duties to Baron Spada, who thus effectively took over the finance portfolio. However, he did not officially allow him to resign, which was viewed in the Vatican as a gesture of special favor toward a figure who is credited with the main contribution to the Vatican's position as arguably the largest shareholder in the world.
The secrecy surrounding Nogara's audience with the Holy Father was in keeping with the traditional discretion with which the Curia has handled all financial matters since the founding of Vatican City. The Vatican not only refuses to provide any information about its assets or financial transactions, it also refuses to account for its budget to the faithful.
Nevertheless, it is no secret that the Holy See is one of the world's greatest financial powers today, and that, not least for this reason, its political influence has steadily grown in recent years. The enormous scope of the Vatican's business activities is indicated by the fact that the name of the financial manager Nogara appears on at least 74 supervisory boards of large companies. (In Germany, the banker Hermann Abs holds the top spot with 26 supervisory board positions.)
The protection of Vatican business secrets is ensured primarily by the fact that the management of the shareholdings is concentrated in the hands of a few Catholic laypeople. The left-liberal Roman weekly magazine "Espresso" (subsidizer: formerly the office equipment company Olivetti, now Fiat) recently published a list of these personalities, featuring eleven names:
In addition to Nogara and Spada, the list includes the Pope's three nephews (Carlo, Marcantonio, and Giulio Pacelli), Count Pietro Enrico Galeazzi (Head of the Technical Works of Vatican City), Giovanni Battista Sacchetti (Chief Furrier of the Sacred Palaces), Eugenio Gualdi, Count Paolo Blumenstihl, Francesco Maria Oddasso, and the former Italian ambassador Vittorio Cerruti.
The names of these personalities appear on the supervisory boards of almost all of Italy's leading companies, with the exception of the Fiat auto trust and the Pirelli rubber group, thus providing valuable clues as to where the Vatican holds stakes.
In the banking sector, the Vatican holds a blocking minority stake in Banco di Roma (supervisory board chairman Giulio Pacelli). It also holds significant shares in Banco di Santo Spirito (supervisory board chairman Baron Spada), the Milanese Banco Ambrosiano, and the Banco di Novarra. Nogara's name appears on the largest Milanese bank, the Banca* Commerciale Italiana, and Spada's name appears on the Credito Italiano, both of which are predominantly publicly owned.
The fact that the Pope's nephews also sit on the supervisory boards of Rome's gas and electricity companies is repeatedly exploited by communist propaganda. Roman workers often jokingly call their wives the word "Pacelli" when they have used too much gas or electricity, to indicate that the Pacelli should not be allowed to earn even more.
As a scandalous trial in Rome revealed last year, the Vatican also owns shares in almost all of Italy's real estate companies. The Curia is believed to have a direct or indirect stake of around 40 percent in "Generale Immobiliare," the largest company of its kind, which owns 800 hectares of land in Rome and its immediate surroundings alone. Baron Nogara is chairman of the supervisory board of "Immobiliare," and Eugenio Gualdi, who holds a seat on several similar companies and is the Vatican's real estate specialist, is its general director.
In total, "Espresso" estimates the Holy See's equity holdings at $12 billion, equivalent to 50 billion German marks. (The nominal capital of all West German stock companies amounts to approximately 26 billion German marks.)
The Rise of the Vatican into one of the most important financial powers on earth has taken place over the past 80 years. The effort to invest the Church's assets in stocks dates back to Leo XIII, who became famous as a proclaimer of Catholic social teaching, but was also a brilliant financier and who forged the alliance between the Catholic Church and modern capitalism.
The expropriations by the state immediately after the unification of Italy in 1870 were a severe blow to the Vatican, whose assets had previously consisted primarily of real estate. Therefore, one year after his accession to the throne in 1878, Leo XIII founded the real estate management company "Beni Stabili," with whose help he somewhat rehabilitated the chronically shattered finances of the Roman Curia within just a few years.
His successors, the canonized Pius X and Benedict XV, who became known for his peace mission during the First World War, admittedly had little interest in worldly matters such as stocks and foreign currency, so that the Holy See soon again found itself in serious financial difficulties. Only Pius XI, the predecessor of the current Pope, was able to overcome this calamity.
Pius XI founded the "Special Administration" of the Holy See to manage the two billion lire (then approximately 450 million Reichsmarks) that the Italian government under Mussolini paid after the signing of the Lateran Treaties for church property expropriated in Italy after 1870. While the "Beni Stabili" manages real estate, the Special Administration manages the Curia's stock holdings.
The current reigning Pope Pius XII added a third to these two institutions, the "Opera Religiosa" ("Institute for Religious Works"), which has become the Vatican's principal bank. It works closely with the Schweizerische Kreditanstalt (Swiss Credit Bank) in Zurich, in which the Jesuit order is said to have a substantial stake. The close connection between the two financial institutions is already evident in the fact that an employee of the Schweizerische Kreditanstalt serves as a permanent liaison with the Roman "Opera Religiosa."
Account No. 1 of the "Opera Religiosa" belongs to the Pope and is considered his private coffers. Peter's Pence, which flows to Rome as a contribution from dioceses around the world, is also deposited into this account. The "Opera Religiosa" has the advantage over all other banks in that it can maintain banking secrecy as well as the seal of confession, since no Italian tax authority has insight into business transactions on Vatican territory.
There are several privileged figures in the Italian financial world who are permitted to open accounts with the "Opera Religiosa" and derive considerable benefit from doing so, not least because Italian foreign exchange regulations do not apply in the extraterritorial Vatican City. For example, it is claimed on Roman stock exchanges that the abdicated Italian royal family secretly transferred substantial assets to neutral countries via the "Opera Religiosa" as early as 1942.
To the billions of dollars in Vatican stock holdings, one must also add those assets that are in the hands of religious orders and are therefore wholly or partially controlled by the Vatican. The Jesuit Order, whose holdings are estimated at five billion dollars, is the foremost shareholder here.
The influence of the Society of Jesus in the American financial world first became apparent about fifty years ago when the Italian financier A. P. Giannini founded the Bank of California, which today, under the changed name "Bank of America," is one of the largest banks in the world. Giannini was an extremely skilled financier who owed his start-up capital to the Jesuits and acted as their trusted confidant or front man. Today, Bank of America is 51 percent owned by the order.
In San Francisco, the Society of Jesus financed another Italian financier, the Sicilian Antonio Di Giorgio, who founded the politically influential fruit company "Di-Giorgio Fruit Company." The company owns extensive fruit and banana plantations in Central America and a transport fleet of over 100 ships.
The Jesuits also hold stakes in the major American steel companies Republic Steel and National Steel, as well as in the four most important aircraft manufacturers in the USA: Boeing, Lockheed, Douglas, and Curtiss-Wright. They also control the independent petroleum company "Phillips Oil Co." in Galveston, Texas, and the "Creole Petroleum Co.", which holds extensive concessions in Venezuela, South America.
Until American companies established competing operations in South America a few years ago, the Society of Jesus also held a monopoly on mercury. In 1923, the Order's financial experts succeeded in acquiring all the shares of the famous Spanish mercury mines of Almaden, which were owned by the Madrid-based Banco Hispano-Americano.
In stock market history, this was a masterful coup, as the Jesuits defeated America's largest chemical company, du Pont de Nemours, which also wanted to acquire Almaden shares. The founder of this trust, Alfred II du Pont de Nemours,
said at the time: "I have learned a great lesson: one should never argue with priests, especially not with Jesuits."
In 1932, the Jesuits acquired the Tuscan mercury mines in Italy, which, together with Almaden, almost exclusively supplied the world market until a few years ago. During World War II, the order profited from this important armaments raw material on both sides. While the Spanish company supplied primarily to the Allies and Russia, the Italian mines supplied German armaments.
In France, the Society of Jesus' interests extend to the automobile companies Peugeot and Citroen and the "Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas," which controls numerous companies in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, such as Schneider-Creusot, as well as the Ostend casino. The Jesuits also exert significant influence over the Paris-based Bancque Francaise et Italienne pour l'Amérique du Sud, whose supervisory board again includes the Vatican financial expert Nogara; this financial institution virtually dominates the South American coffee market and the New York Coffee Exchange.
The Order's assets, however, are largely in the hands of the American Jesuits, who are economically independent of Rome and do not want to grant the Holy See direct control over their assets. This led to considerable tensions at the last Extraordinary Consistory of the Order last fall, when the Roman Curia demanded control over all of the Order's American assets.
However, the eight thousand American religious orders were able to evade Rome's grasp for the time being because they had the American bishops on their side. Their position is strong enough, even vis-à-vis the Roman Curia: From the Archdiocese of New York alone, the Vatican receives more funds each year than from all European Catholics combined.
* In Italy, banks use both the masculine and older form "Banco" and the newer feminine form "Banca."
Pope's nephew Giulio Pacelli
On the stock exchange...
...never argue with priests: Papal banker Nogara
Thursday, February 27, 2025
A GOLDEN DOME in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication
https://control-avles-blogs.blogspot.com/2025/02/a-golden-dome-in-her-hand-full-of.html
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